I. Reading

Graphic design is a broad discipline that encompasses many different aspects and elements. It can be difficult to explain as a fractured discipline because designers work in varied environments and may rarely, or never, engage in some aspects of the practice.

However, as a creative pursuit, there will always be a reason to engage in other areas of the discipline. Graphic design takes ideas, concepts, text and images and presents them in a visually engaging form through print, electronic or other media. It imposes an order and structure to the content in order to facilitate and ease the communication process, while optimising the likelihood that the message will be received and understood by the target

audience. A designer achieves this goal through the conscious manipulation of elements; a design may be philosophical, aesthetic, sensory, emotional or

Design Museum in London, Source: Fashion Network

Graphic design is a creative visual arts discipline that encompasses many areas. It may include art direction, typography, page layout, information technology and other creative aspects. This variety means that there is a fragmented landscape for design practice within which designers may specialise and focus. Technological development has placed designers at the heart of the creative process. Often, a graphic designer manages the design process and coordinates the work undertaken by other creative disciplines as part of a job. As such, the scope of a designer’s responsibilities now includes print buying, website programming, photography, page layout, materials selection, art direction, freehand illustration, computergenerated illustration (CGI), project management, client account management, storyboarding, editing and pre-press production.

II. Grammar : Connectives

Connectives are words or phrases that link sentences (or clauses) together. Connectives can be conjunctions, prepositions, or adverbs

conjunctions link words and phrases together. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives and clauses. Prepositions describe location, place and time.

Remember that some words can appear in more than one column because they can belong to more than one word class

Conjunctions	Adverbs	Preposition
when	then	before
before	next	after
while	soon	during
so	always	in
because	yesterday	because of
since	here	above
where	eventually	below
later	later	under
unless	now	through
until	therefore	on
yet	frequently	beside
once	inside	due to
that	outside	with
if	everywhere

Example from the text:

1. Conjuctions : Graphic design is a creative visual arts discipline that encompasses many areas.
2. Adverbs : It can be difficult to explain as a fractured discipline because designers work in varied environments and may rarely, or never, engage in some aspects of the practice.
3. Pepositions : A designer achieves this goal through the conscious manipulation of elements

Other Connectives

Opposition	Reinforcing/ in addition	Explaining / Listening	Cause and Effect	Time
however nevertheless on the other hand but instead in constrast looking at it another way although the main reasons against some people do not believe for instance the evidence for this suggests disagree whereas as long as	besides anyway after all many people believe this is an important issue because one reason is futhermore also moreover in addition a futher point claim that	for example in other words for instance first of all finally in conclusion after much thought the main reason for this in the end we decided i believe that	therefore consequently as a result thanks to this this causes so the reason that this results in when	Pior (at the beginning) at first before in the beginning until them up to that time firstly Following (afterwards) just then next in due course in the end after that later finally eventually a month later Paralel (at same time) in the mean time simultaneously concurrently meanwhile

Example from the text: However, as a creative pursuit, there will always be a reason to engage in other areas of the discipline.

Task 2.1:

Write down sentences by using although, in addition, for example, and therefore.

III. Speaking

Here are several sentences or phrases to give your opinion about something.

• Some people (do not) believe that this illustration is not human made because....
• It seems to me that working with ....
• Most people say.... But I am not sure about that/I don’t think so.
• I disagree about ...
• After much thought, I think ........... is more beautiful than....
• I believe that this sketches...
• The main reason for using detail – oriented layout work is....
• Eventually Simple shapes such as circles, squares and triangles can be created with a click and drag of the mouse.
• This result in form and shape can be thought of as either two dimensional or three dimensional.
• Thanks to this graphic design software programs...

IV. Listening : Third Person – Present Simple

In English third person is the he/she/it/ perspective and we add ‘s’or ‘es” to the verb.

For example :

• she works on making illustration for her new comics.
• It has two dimensional height and width
• He watches the geometric forms from Youtube

Now listen to the way the third person’s verb is promounced!

Audio 2.3

Works	is pronounced with /s/
Has	is pronounced with /z/
Watches	pronounced with /iz/

Task 2.4 listen to other verbs and write them in the correct group!

Verbs	/s/	/z/	/iz/
Gets, leaves,phones
Teaches, starts, likes
Wants, Sees, Finishes, Stops